Aryan Books

TRIBAL COINS OF ANCIENT INDIA

By :- Devendra Handa

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Pages: xxxii+290

Format: HB

ISBN-13: 978-81-7305-317-7

Place: New Delhi

Edition: 1st

Publisher: ARYAN BOOKS INTERNATIONAL

Size: 22cm x 28cm

Product Year: 2007

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Tribal coins throw a flood of light on the history, culture, religion, economy, polity, trade, commerce, technology, symbology, metrology, movements, etc. of the various tribes in ancient India. They thus enlighten us about various aspects of the life and culture of the people in ancient India. Numismatic discoveries made from time to time, interpretations and newer techniques of analysis have rendered earlier views in many cases as obsolete and worth revision. Some new types of Agreya coins published recently throw fresh light on the religious proclivities of the Agras. Coins discovered from Nohar show the presence of the Arjunayana tribe in northeastern Rajasthan. A critical analysis of the typology and provenance of Audumbara coins reveals that the monarchical issues of the Mitra rulers do not actually belong to the tribe, and that there was no ruler of the name of Mahadeva belonging to the Audumbara stock, thus rendering the old classification of their coins as outdated. The discovery of the hoards at Chakkar near Mandi and at Hat Koti and Jalog in Shimla district in Himachal Pradesh, stray finds of new types of Kuninda coins, their coin molds from regular excavations at Sanghol in Punjab and their coins from the site of the Syena-chiti (Eagle-shaped fire-altar) at Purola in Uttaranchal have thrown fresh light on their history, culture, religion, kingship, capital, mint-site and techniques of minting, trade and commerce, etc. The diminutive nature of Malava coins as evidence of poor economy stands challenged in the light of epigraphic evidence. The existence of the Kshudrakas and Savitriputras has been proved on the basis of their coins. The Vemakis were known only from Rudravarman?s silver and a dubious copper coin but the author has brought two of their new rulers ? Bhavavarman and Sivaghosha ? to light. The settlement of the Vrishnis at Sunet near Ludhiana is proved by a number of their seals, sealings and copper coins. Many fallacies about the Yaudheyas have also been corrected by a fresh study and analysis of their coins. This book, based on a study of various published and unpublished hoards and stray finds of coins in institutional and private collections is the first Indian publication on the tribal coins containing the largest number of illustrations bringing to light many new coins and offering new interpretations.

Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Transliteration Table List of Illustrations Introduction 1. The Agras Name of the Tribe The Metropolis Antiquity of the Tribe Coins and their Period Type I: Bull Type Type II: Lion Type Type III: Composite Animal Type Type IV: Lakshmi Type Type V: Chaitya Type Type VI: Temple Type Type VII: Chakra (Wheel) Type Metrology The Legends and their Interpretation 2. The Arjunayanas Name and Antiquity Coins and Habitat Type I Type II Type III Type IV Metrology Chronology of the Coins 3. The Audumbaras Antiquity and History Association with Udumbara (Ficus Glomerata, Fig Tree) The Coins Class I (?, square) Anonymous Sivadasa Rudradasa Dharaghosha Class II (Silver, round) Dharaghosha Chronology of Audumbara Coins Metrology Devices and Symbols on Audumbara Coins 4. The Kulutas History and Antiquity Name and Location Coins Series I Series II Metrology The Symbols Chronology of the Coins Ethnology of the Kulutas 5. The Kshudrakas Antiquity and History Coins 6. The Kunindas Name, Antiquity and History Coins Distribution of Kuninda Coins Amoghabhuti Type Coins Alleged Coins of Prajapati Akhya Mint-Site Devices and Symbols 7. The Malavas Antiquity, History and Movement Their Coins Class I Class II Devices and Symbols Chronology Interpretation of Coin-Legends Metrology 8. The Pauravas Antiquity and History Coins 9. The Rajanyas Literary References Coins and Chronology Class I Class II Minting Technique Metrology and Chronology Devices and Symbols 10. The Savitriputras 11. The Sibis Antiquity and History Sibi Coins The Symbols Interpretation of the Legend Chronology of the Coins Metrology 12. The Trigartas Antiquity, History and Habitat The Coin The so-called ?Stupa? Date of the Coin 13. The Uddehikas Antiquity and Habitat The Coins Metrology and Chronology 14. The Vemakis / Vaiyamakas The First Coin and its Identification The Legends Another Silver Coin of Rudravarman Subsidiary Symbols Silver Coin of Bhavavarman ? A New Vemaka Ruler Vemaka Copper Coins 15. The Vrishnis Antiquity and History Coins Yajna Soma Vyaghra Sena Vyaghra Sattra Jayasa or Jiyasa Vasu Sena Jayasoma or Aryyasoma Yajnadeva Sattragupta Balavighna or Balavahana? Vesha? Undeciphered Names 16. The Yaudheyas Name, Descent, Antiquity and History Yaudheya coins Critical Appraisal Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Yaudheya Gold Coin The Unique Silver coin It?s Attribution Shadanana-Shashthi Type Copper Coins A Unique Copper Coin showing Hex-cephalic Karttikeya with a Cock Shadanana-Deer Type Copper Coins Coin depicting Siva-Parvati Coin with a New Legend Temples on Shadanana-Deer Type Coins The Attribution of Brahmanyadeva Type Coins Karttikeya-Devasena Type Coins New Classification Appendices Appendix 1: Mahadeva Type Coins Appendix 2: Coins of the Mitra Rulers Appendix 3: Chitresvara Type Coins Appendix 4: Almora Coins Tables 1. Table for converting English inches into millimetres and the measure of Mionnet?s Scale (after Allan) 2. Table of the relative weights of English grains and metric grams (after Allan) 3. Table of the relative weights of Indian Rattis, grains and grams (after D. Raja Reddy) Plates Bibliography Index

Devendra Handa is known to the indologists through numerous research papers and the following published works: 1. Osian: History, Archaeology, Art & Architecture, Delhi, 1984. 2. Studies in Indian Coins and Seals, Delhi, 1985. 3. Indological Studies: Essays in Memory of Shri S.P. Singhal, Delhi, 1987 (Ed.) 4. Ajaya-Sri: Recent Studies in Indology (Prof. Ajay Mitra Shastri Felicitation Volume), 2 Vols., Delhi, 1989 (Ed.) 5. Praci-Prabha: Perspectives in Indology (Essays in honour of Prof. B.N. Mukherjee), New Delhi, 1989 (Ed. jointly with D.C. Bhattacharyya) 6. Ratna-Chandrika: Panorama of Oriental Studies (Shri R.C. Agrawala Festschrift), New Delhi, 1989 (Ed. jointly with Ashvini Agrawal) 7. Visvambhara: Probings in Orientology (Prof. V.S. Pathak Festschrift), New Delhi, 1995 (Ed. jointly with A.M. Shastri & C.S. Gupta) 8. Numismatic Studies, Vols. 1-3, New Delhi, 1991-93 (Ed.) 9. Oriental Numismatic Studies, Vols. 1-2, New Delhi, 1996 & 1999 (Ed.) 10. Jaina Bronzes From Hansi, Shimla-New Delhi, 2002. 11. An Epic Pilgrimage: History and Antiquity of Pehowa: Ancient Prithudaka, New Delhi, 2004. 12. Revealing India?s Past - Recent Trends in Art and Archaeology: Prof. Ajay Mitra Shastri Commemoration Volume, 2 Vols., New Delhi, 2004 (Ed. jointly with R.K. Sharma) 13. Buddhist Remains from Haryana, New Delhi, 2004. 14. Early Indian Coins from Sugh, New Delhi, 2006. 15. Sculptures From Haryana: Iconography & Style, Shimla-New Delhi, 2006. He has attended numerous national and international conferences and delivered lectures in various institutions. He made academic visits to England and Belgium in 1991 and Sri Lanka in 1993. In 1992, he was awarded the Lowick Memorial Grant of the Royal Numismatic Society, London. After his retirement from the Panjab University, Chandigarh, he was a Fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study at Shimla (2000-2003) and Senior Fellow of the Ministry of Culture, GOI, New Delhi (2003-05). He presided over the 88th Annu

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